Conditional Sentence (Short Curt Rules of Conditional Sentence)

Conditional Sentence


প্রধানত If যুক্ত বাক্যকে Conditional Sentence বলা হয়। আজকাল প্রায় পরীক্ষায় Conditional Sentence লক্ষ্য করা যায়। Conditional Sentence সাধারণত দুটি ভাগে বিভক্ত যথা:
১. If যুক্ত বাক্যকে বলা হয় If Clause যাতে একটি শর্ত দেয়া থাক
২. Main Clause যাতে উক্ত শর্তের ফলাফল দেয়া থাকায় একে Result Clause ও বলা হয়ে থাকে। মাত্র দু একটি Rules জানা থাকলে সহজেই Conditional Sentence কে আয়ত্ত করা সম্ভব।

Kinds of Conditionals: 

Conditional Sentence মুলত ৪ প্রকার যথা:
1. Zero Conditional
2. First Conditional
3. Second Conditional
4. Third Conditional

প্রথমে আসি আমরা Zero Conditional-এ: 
If+present simple+present simple এ গঠনটি সাধারণ চিরন্তন সত্য, বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এবং অভ্যাসগত সত্য অর্থ প্রকাশের ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং নিশ্চয়তামূলক অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।
উদাহরণস্বরূপ:
If a ruby is heated it--- temporarily lose its colour.
a. Would   b. will        c. does            d. has                           (১৮ তম বিসিএস)
Ans.  b. will

Rules of First Conditional

If+Present+Future

If Clause-টিতে Present Indefinite হলে Result Clause-এ Future Indefinite হয় এবং এটা অনিশ্চিত ভবিষ্যতের অর্থ প্রদান করে। অর্থাৎ Future-এ কাজটি হতেও পারে আবার নাও হতে পারে।
উদাহরণস্বরূপ: 
If he wants to play the violin, I ---- the piano fir him.               
a. play        b. am playing        c. shall play    d. have played      
Ans. c. shall play

 Rules of Second Conditional

If+Past+Would, Could, Might+ V-এর Present form
এখানে if যুক্ত অংশে be verb থাকলে তা সবসময় were হবে। উল্লেখ্য যে, এখানে verb-টি Past Tense হলেও বাক্যটি ভবিষ্যত সম্ভাবনা বা বর্তমানে অসম্ভাবনার অর্থ প্রকাশ করে থাকে।
 উদাহরণস্বরূপ: 
If I were you, I (handle) the situation more carefully. ---- Which of the following verb forms best completes the above  sentence?
a. would handle         b. will handle            c. handle            d. would have handled
Ans. a. would handle


 Rules of Third Conditional
 If+Past perfect +Would have, Could have, Might have + vpp
অর্থাৎ If clause এ যদি Past Perfect হয় তাহলে Result Clause-এ অধিকাংশ ক্ষেত্রে would have + vpp বসে। এই শর্তটি পূরণ হওয়া অসম্ভব। কারণ অর্থটি হবে এরূপ: যদি আমি জানতাম তাহলে আসতাম, যেহেতু জানি নাই, তাই আসিও নাই। 
 উদাহরণস্বরূপ:
 Complete the following sentence:
`If I had known you were coming............
a. I would go to          b. I had gone to the staiton
c. I would have gone to the station
d. I would be going to the station
Ans. c. I would have gone to the station


Conditional Sentence থেকে আসা কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রশ্ন-

1.           If you stay too long in the sun, your skin -----.                                           
a) burn                b) burnt                        c) burned         d) burns                                     

Ans:d

2.           If a ruby is heated, it --- temporarily lose its colour. 
a) will                  b) would          c) does             d) has                                      

Ans:a

3.           If he – on telling lies nobody will believe a word he say.                    
a) go                    b) continues     c) goes             d) will go                                  

 Ans:c

4.           Rokeya – from her post if she is late again.
a) is dismissed                             b) has been dismissed                  
c) will be dismissed                     d) will dismissed          e) is dismissing                       

Ans:c

5.           It would be pleasant/better if we – where to go.           
a) Had known     b) known         c) knew                        d) knower        e) know           

Ans:c

6.           If teaching – more, fewer students would leave the profession.
a) had paid          b) is paying      c) paid                         d) has paid                   e) pays           

 Ans:c

7.           If I found a lost dog, I – it to its owner.                                                         
a) will returning   b) will return    c) would return            d) will have returned                 

Ans:c

8.           If you were in my position, what – you do?
a) could               b) would          c) should          d) would have               e) might         

 Ans:b    

9.           – resigned, we would have been forced to sack him.                                   
a) Had he not      b) He had         c) Has he         d) If he has not                          

Ans:a

10.       He – to see us if he had been able to.                                
a) had come        b) came                        c) is coming     d) would have come               

 Ans:d

11.       If he had tried to leave the country, he -- stopped at the frontier.                             
a) would have     b) may have     c) will have      d) would have been                  

 Ans:d

12.       Complete the following sentence: ‘If I had known you were coming----.’    
a) I would go to the station          b) I would have gone to the station
c) I had gone to the station          d) I would be going to the station                       

Ans:b

13.       Put the correct verb form - “If the driver had been more careful, the accident --.”
a) would be averted                    b) might be averted                              
c) would have been averted        d) would have averted                                         

Ans:c

14.       If I – you, I would not have done this.                                                      
a) was                 b) am               c) were             d) are                                         

Ans:c

15.       He would go mad if he – that.                                                                
a) hears               b) would hear  c) has heard     d) was hearing e) heard          

 Ans:e

16.       If there were a concert today, -.                                               
a) I would go.                              b) I would be gone.  
c) I would be going.                     d) I would have gone.                                         

Ans:a

17.       If I were you I – that coat. It’s too expensive.                                         
a) will not buy                             b) shall not buy
c) would not buy                         d) am not going to buy                                      

 Ans:c

18.       If you make delay, you – the train.                             
a) would miss      b) should miss c) shall miss     d) will miss                              

 Ans:d  

19.       If I were you, I – their offer.                                                                       
a) should accept  b) accept          c) would accept           d) would accepted                     

Ans:c

20.       Mr. X would have studied MBA if he – to a business school.          
a) could be able to enter                          b) had been admitted  
c) was admitted                                      d) were admitted                                                 

Ans:b