Substitution

Substitution

Substitution- GK  K_vq cÖKvk|

Patriot-(‡`k‡cÖwgK) – One who loves his country.

Philanthropist-(gvbe‡cÖwgK)- A person who loves mankind

Misanthropist-(gbyl¨we‡Ølx)- A person who hates.

Colleague- (mnKg©x)- one working in the same place

Jockey- one who rides the horses in races.

Misogynist-(bvix we‡Ølx)- A hater of women.

Cartographer-(gvbwPÎKi)- one who draws maps.

Cobbler-(gywP)- one who mends shoes.

Lexicographer-(Awfavb iwPqZv)- A person who writes dictionary. 

Playwright-(bvU¨Kvi)- A person who writes

Pilgrim-(Zx_©hvÎx/n¾¡hvÎx)- one who undertakes a journey to a holy place.

Cardiologist-(ü`‡ivM we‡klÁ)- A doctor who treats heart diseases.

Omniscient-(me©Á)- one who knows or see everything

Omnivorous-(me©fyK)- one who is all powerful.

Autobiography-(AvZœRxebx)- About his own life.

Bibliography-(MÖš’ZvwjKv)- About his own life collection of books.

A maiden speech- (cÖ_g eË…Zv)- First speech

A verbose speech-(kãeûj e³Zv) – A speech  full of too many words.

Panacea- (me©‡ivM wbivgq Jlya)- Cure for all diseases.

Genocide- (MYnZ¨v)- The act of killing of the people of mankind.

Kennel- (KzKyikvjv)- A place for keeping dogs.

Stable-  (‡Nvovkvjv)- A place where horses are kept.

Autocracy-(‰¯^iZš¿)- A government by one man.

Philogy –(fvlvZË¡) Study of language

Meteorology- (AvenIqv weÁvb)- Study of weather.

Anthropology- (b„weÁvb)- Study of mankind

Theology (agZ©Ë¡)- Study of religion

Archaeology- (cÖZœZË¡)- study of ancient societies

Linguistics – scientific study of language.

Genetics- (eskMwZ weÁvb)- Science of heredity.

Etymology-(k‡ãi DrcwË I BwZnvm weÁvb) – The science of the origin and history of words.

Phonology-(aŸwbZË¡)- Study of the speech sounds.

Gynecology- (¯¿x‡ivMwe`¨v) – The treatment of female diseases.

Pediatric – (wkï‡ivM msµvš— we`¨v) – The branch of medical science dealiag with children disease.

Astrologer-  (‡R¨vwZlx) – one who foretells thing by the stars.

Astronomer – (‡R¨vwZwe`©)- one who studies heavenly bodies.

Manuscript – (cvÛywjwc)- A paper written by hand.

Garrulous – (evPvj)- A Person who talks much.

Ecological – (cwi‡ek we`¨v)- Environmental science

Homogenous- (mgRvZxq) Of the same kind

Syntax- (evK¨ MV‡bi wbqgvejx)-  Sentence building.

Razzmatazz-  (‡Kvjvnj c~Y© Kg©KvÛ)- A noisy activity.

Ex-1: The word “ecological” is related to-

            (a) Pollution              (b) Atmosphere

            (c) Demography        (d) Environment

Ex-2: “Pediatric” Related to the treatment of-

            (a) A dulls                   (b) Children

            (c) Women                   (d) Old people

 কিছু খিঁচুরি আইটেম

V1	V2	V3
Hang (duvwm †`Iqv )	Hanged	Hanged
Hang (e¯‘ Szjv‡bv)	Hung	Hung
Lie (wg_¨v ejv)	Lied	Lied
Lie (ï‡q _vKv)	Lay	Lain
Lay  (wWg cvov)	Laid	Laid

Ex-1: The Picture was ----- on the wall.

            (a) hanged     (b) to hang

             (c) hung       (d) to be hanged

Ex-2: He has ----- in bad.

            (a) laid           (b) lied

            (c) lain              (d) lay

* Noun ‡Pbvi Dcvq: mvaviYZ Noun Gi †k‡l ce, cy, th, ty, tion, sion, ment, ness, hood, ship, age, BZ¨vw` _v‡K|

Ex: The word “poverty: is a ----

            (a) verb                      (b) Adjective

            (c) adverb                  (d) noun 

* Adjective ‡Pbvi Dcvq: mvaviYZ word Gi †k‡l ous, sive, tive, ful, ish, less, ible, some, like, able, ic, ant, ent, ing, ary, ed, BZ¨vw` _v‡K|

Ex: The word “prolific” is a----

            (a) verb                  (b) adjective

            (c) noun                   (d) noun

* Adverb ‡Pbvi Dcvq: mvaviYZ Adverb Gi †k‡l ly _v‡K| Z‡e Adjective Gi mv‡_ ly hy³ K‡i Adverb MVb Kiv hvq|

Ex: The word “Slowly” is ---

            (a) noun                     (b) verb

         (c) adverb                  (d) adjective

* Verb ‡Pbvi Dcvq: mvaviYZ verb Gi †k‡l ify, se, ze, ise, Ges KwZcq verb Gi cÖ_‡g em, en, de, re _v‡K|

Ex: Which of the following is a verb?

             (a) economize            (b) economy

            (c) economical          (d) economic

* Noun + ly, Noun + al, Noun + y = Adjective

Ex: Friendly + ly = Friendly

            Adjective + ly = Adverb

            Slow + ly = Slowly

* mvaviYZ Verb Gi Subject wn‡m‡e Noun e¨eüZ nq|

Ex: Honesty is the best policy.

* Article Gic‡i GKwU gvÎ Word _vK‡j Zv Aek¨B Noun n‡e|

Ex: I walked for a while

* Article Ges Preposition/Verb ev adverb / conjunction Gi gv‡S GKvwU gvÎ word _vK‡j Zv Aek¨B noun n‡e| 

Ex: This is the fashion of the day.

        Here. “fashion” is a ---

(a) Pronoun              (b) Noun

(c) verb                      (d) adverb

* `ywU Noun hw` cvkvcvwk e‡m cÖ_gwU wØZxqwU‡K qualify K‡i, Zvn‡j cÖ_g Noun wU Adjective wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

Ex: I am a university student”

(a) Adverb                 (b) pronoun

(c)  Noun                (d) Adjective

* mvaviYZ be verb Gi c‡i adjective e‡m|

Ex: The boy is meritorious.

(a) noun                     (b) verb

           (c) adjective               (d) adverb

* Article I noun Gi gv‡S adjective e‡m|

Ex: Arif was a bright student.

(a) noun                     (b) pronoun

       (c) adjective               (d) adverb

DIE Gi e¨envi:

Die for – ‡`‡ki Rb¨ gviv hvIqv

Die in – kvwš—‡Z Ny‡gi g‡a¨, hy‡× Kg©iZ Ae¯’vq gviv hvIqv|

Die form – AwZwi³ †Kvb Kv‡Ri d‡j gviv hvIqv|

Die of – ‡iv‡M gviv hvIqv

Ex: The man died --- cancer.

            (a) of                           (b) by

            (c) from                      (d) to

* Advise, ask, command, demand, insist, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest, urge BZ¨vw` verb A_ev, Imperative, Important, mandatory, obligatory, proposed, recommended, suggested, urgent BZ¨vw` Adjective A_ev Demand, proposal, recommendation, suggestion BZ¨vw` Noun Gi ci That clause _vK‡j me©`vB That Clause Gi verb Gi base form n‡e Ges negative Gi †¶‡Î base form Gi c~‡e© ïay not em‡e| be verb Gi †¶‡Î ïay be em‡e|

Ex: I suggest that he ----- there.

            (a) went                   (b) go

            (c) goes                    (d) gone

* Simple Sentence ‡Pbvi Dcvq: In spite of, Despite, Because of, owing to, too-to, enough to, Present Participle iƒ‡c being, having, v+ ing, by/without/besides + v + ing BZ¨vw` _v‡K|

Ex: Which of the following sentence is a simple sentence?

            (a) Do or die

            (b) I know that he is rich

            (c) I respect him as he loves me

           (d) In spite of his poverty he is happy.

* Complex Sentence ‡Pbvi Dcvq: Who, whom, whose, which, what, as, because, since, for, as if, it, though, although, after, before, where, when, while, How, that, so that, In order that, Till, untill, lest, unless, in case, than BZ¨vw` _v‡K|

Ex: “Though, Although, Because, Since, As”

Implies the –

            (a) Negative              (b) Simple

            (c) Complex              (d) Compound.

* Compound Sentence ‡Pbvi Dcvq: And, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, both, and, either – or, neither – nor, not – only – but also BZ¨vw` _v‡K|

Ex: “Do or die” is a –

            (a) Complex Sentence

(b) Simple Sentence

            (c) Positive Sentence    

           (d) Compound Sentence